Which model includes stages of change, processes of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy?

The Transtheoretical Model is a comprehensive framework that encompasses various components crucial for understanding behavior change, particularly in health contexts. It incorporates stages of change, which outline a person's readiness to modify behavior, ranging from precontemplation to maintenance. This progression allows individuals to move through different levels of awareness and readiness over time.

Additionally, the model includes processes of change, which are the cognitive and behavioral strategies that individuals employ to progress through the stages. These processes facilitate movement from one stage to another and are vital for effecting lasting behavior change.

Decisional balance is another key component, representing the individual's weighing of pros and cons related to the behavior change. It helps assess how that balance can influence motivation and readiness to take action.

Self-efficacy, or the belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations, is also integral to this model. Higher levels of self-efficacy can empower individuals to overcome barriers and persist through challenges during the change process.

While the Health Belief Model and Social Learning Theory address behavior change, they do not encompass all these components in the same structured manner that the Transtheoretical Model does. The Stages of Change Model is sometimes used interchangeably with the Transtheoretical Model, but it is actually